The number of betting shops in a neighbourhood corresponds to higher crime rates, according to research involving 成人直播.
The study, led by Nottingham Trent University, used a range of data to examine the relationship between the number of betting shops on ten different police-recorded crime categories* in all neighbourhoods across England in 2015 and 2019.
It also considered several other risk factors which have been shown to contribute to higher crime levels, including bus stops, eat and drink shops such as takeaways and bars, household occupations and unemployment levels, deprivation in education, and a higher percentage of private and social renters.
Findings revealed that the likelihood of all the crime categories covered in the research increased by approximately 4% per every one unit increase in betting shops. Even after controlling for other neighbourhood characteristics, the association remains positive and significant.
The strongest relationship was between the number of theft and disorder offences 鈥� such as shoplifting, theft from other persons, public disorder, and anti-social behaviour 鈥� and the concentration of betting shops.
For example, the statistics showed that with every one unit increase in betting shops, shoplifting counts increased by approximately 16%, theft from person by 10%, anti-social behaviour by 7%, public disorder by 7%, and bike thefts by 6%.
The correlation was less strong for burglary and violent crime, which tend to be associated with the night-time economy and large venues.
Dr Oluwole Adeniyi, lead researcher and senior lecturer at Nottingham Business School, part of NTU, said: 鈥淚t is not betting shops alone which affect crime rates in neighbourhoods, there are many different factors, as evidenced in this research. What our findings do show is that these characteristics, such as deprivation, are concentrated in similar areas to betting shops, which further increases the likelihood of crime occurring in these neighbourhoods. In times of austerity, we show a need for police resources to be targeted at these areas.鈥�
Co-researcher, Dr Ferhat Tura, lecturer in Criminology at 成人直播, added: 鈥淏ased on our findings we recommend that policies to reduce crime should move away from focusing on individuals to trying to improve informal control within local communities and better place management strategies, both in and near betting shops, by focusing on how to improve positioning of structures such as betting shops, bus stops, and retail outlets within these communities. Any intervention by local authorities should include all stakeholders such as estate agents, property owners and residents.
鈥淎lso, considering betting shops are places for social gatherings, planning officials could develop a saturation level index that would make it more difficult for a betting shop to open in areas with high saturation.鈥�
The full paper Analysing the effect of betting shops on crime in England has been published in the journal Regional Studies.
*Antisocial behaviour, bicycle theft, other theft, public disorder, shoplifting, theft from person, burglary, criminal damage and arson, robbery, and vehicle crime
